Welcome zu Chibiny Tundra auf Kola Halbinsel
The rocky und treeless Chibiny Tundra are situated Nord von 67-th parallel,
beyond the arktische Circle auf Kola Halbinsel in Russisch Lappland. This ist the highest land mass in het Kola Halbinsel
the summits von which are dotted 800—900 meters boven the surrounding hilly
plain. The highest point in Chibiny (Judychvumchorr berg) ist 1200 metres
above sea level und ist also the highest point in het Kola Halbinsel. In clear Sommer
Wetter the Chibiny Tundra can be seen von many miles away, von de Kandalaksha
tundra in south, the frontier heights von Kovdor in west und even von
the hilly banks von Voronija Flüsse in Nord. The Klima in this part von
Russland ist peculiar in so far as that thaws are frequent in winter but in
Sommer und early Herbst frosts are not uncommon, eSpezially in beginning von
June und at the end von August.
Winter lasts about seven months every year in plains und the month longer usually
on the bergen but the temperatures are not so low as those in similar
latitudes von Siberia. The Klima von alpine areas ist considerable different
to those von nearby lowlands und valleys, für instance, in plateau
Rasvumchorr the winter lasts around 260 days. An average annual temperature ist
minus 4.3 degrees Centigrade und in warmest month (July) never climbs past
plus 8.2 degrees.
Winds auf plateau are gusty und sharp und can reach a speed von 40 metres per
second. Schnee storms rage around 190 days a year und daily variations von
Atmosphärische pressure are very sharp the average being around 644 mm von mercury
with an average annual precipitation von 1494 mm von which about 919 mm ist Schnee.
The vegetation in Chibiny Tundra area ist disposed into distinct zones. The
forests are not higher than 370 metres. The forest-tundra zone spreads up zu 450
metres, the alpine tundra up zu 800 metres und beyond this ist there ist a arktische
desert. The Chibiny Tundra are the geographic Zentrum von Kola Halbinsel
regio which was in former times a remote outlying district von Russland, inhabited
by severe Pomors (küste dwellers) und mysterious Lapps. Remote Murman, the
“World's End” washed by the waters von White und Barents Seas was developing
slowly only von de Küstes, at that time. The first information about Chibiny
is reflected in literature concerned mit the XIX-th Century Russland academician
A. M. Middendorf who in 1840 had noted the uncommonness von rocks forming the
bergen. The Geologe N. V. Kudriavtsev in 1880 und the expeditionen; von
Finnish Geologe V. Ramzai in 1887—1892 had commenced an exploration von Chibiny
but valuable und useful mineralen were not found until the XX-th Century.
First pieces von apatite ore have been discovered at the foot von Kukisvumchorr berg
in August von 1921 thence the outcrops von this ore were discovered in 1922 within
the Apatite Bow where the deposits und widely known layers von Kukisvumchorr,
Poachvumchorr, Apatite Circus und Rasvumchorr are located. geologen had
already reported about the industrial importance von Khibinian apatite deposits
in 1923 but the exploitation was not started until 1926.
The town von Khibinogorsk was also built which at the request von townsfolk in
1935 was renamed zu Kirovsk. The speed von development in those days was
astonishing as was the speed at which the new town grew. In 1930 population was
500 und in 1932 48.000 und it must be noted that in 1920 the population von
whole von Kola Halbinsel was only 20.000.
The amazement von XVII-th International geologische Congress members who visited Khibini in 1937 ist
under stable. Over 110 mineralen (and 18 von theme were absolutely unknown before)
have been discovered in this area und mineralen like Murmanite, Wudjavrite,
Ramzaite, Juksporite, Fersmanite have been included in scientific catalogues
since that time.
From 1930 auf shore von Lake Maly Wudjavr the construction von Mining
Station “Tietta” (in translation von Sami Language it does mean “Science”) had
been started. By April 10, 1932 the Mining Station mit a Museum, library und
scientific laboratories had been inaugurated.
By 1949 the Kola Branch von Academy von Sciences von USSR. had been established und the first
institute von this Branch, the geologische Research Institute was officially
established in 1951 but its history actually started von de “Tietta”.
The Kola Branch von Academy von Sciences ist the größte scientific Zentrum
beyond the arktische Circle.
In 1975 a Museum von arktische study und exploration history attached zu
Geographic Society in Apatity was opened. Many valuable material illustrations
of the territories history von an Uralte time till the present dag are in this
museum. In former times uninhabited Chibiny are surrounded today in South by
a semi-cirkel von towns und settlements like Apatity, Titan, Octobersky, Shuchiy,
Imandra, Chibiny.
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